25t起重机臂架设计研究.doc

25t起重机臂架设计研究

摘    要

随着各地的建设发展，用到起重机的地方越来越多，环境也更加复杂。臂架是履带起重机的主要受载构件,其强度直接影响起重机的安全性能。一台履带起重机具有多种臂架组合方式,使得有限元模型的建立非常繁琐。本文以ANSYS为基础,研究了履带起重机臂架系统参数化建模方法，极大地提高了效率。
履带起重机的臂架是由型钢焊接而成的大型空间超静定桁架结构，工程中常使用有限元法来进行设计计算。
本课题是根据桁架钢结构的受力特点，采用变截面梁单元模拟起重机臂架整体结构，建立了一种有限元简便分析方法，对履带起重机臂架结构的受力状况和应力特性进行了系统地分析，结果表明，有限元简便分析方法可以反映臂架的整体应力状态，而有限元详细分析则可更好地反映臂架受力的局部特性。
本课题首先根据已有的资料进行计算，大致设计出臂架结构。然后在ANSYS软件上建立模型，添加约束和受力情况，分析得到结果。再进行手算，计算结果与软件分析结果相对比，突出了ANSYS的强大功能和计算上的优点。相比之下，用有限元的方法速度快，计算准确，在结构计算中值得推崇。

关键词：履带起重机，臂架，有限元，ANSYS

Abstract

Along with the construction and development of everyplace, the places of using crawler cranes are more and more, the environment also is getting more complicated. Beam is mainly carried much load of crawler crane and its strength directly influences the safty of crawler crane. A crawler crane has various combination methods and it makes the establishment of the finite element model be very tedious. This text takes ANSYS as foundation, studying the system parameter of the crawler crane’s arm to turn to set up a mold method and can best raise the efficiency.
The beam of crawler crane is weld by the section steel to form the large space be burliness truss structure, we often use a finite element method to carry on a design calculation in the engineering.
This topic is an adoption to the change structure of beam unit to emulation crane beam’s whole structure according to the be subjected to of Hang structure dint characteristics and built up a kind of simple finite element analysis method, to the crawler crane’s beam structure of be subjected to dint condition and in response to the dint characteristic carry on systematically analytical, result enunciation, the finite element can simply reflect an arm of whole in response to the dint appearance, and the finite element be detailed to analyze then can better reflect the beam partial characteristic which is subjected to dint.
In this topic, at first according to the data we have ,we carry on a calculation and mostly design an arm structure .Then establishment model on the ANSYS software, add to control and be subjected to a dint circumstance, the analysis gets a result .Again carry on a hand calculate ,compared calculation to software results ,it can outstanding ANSYS ’s strong function and calculation up of advantage .We can see, using the method of finite element speeder and more quickly, accurate, worthy of worship in the structure compute..

Key words: crawler crane，beam, finite element method, ansys   

目   录

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 绪论 1
1.1概述 1
1.1.1履带式起重机介绍 ３
1.1.2应用与发展 4
1.2起重机吊臂简介 5
1.3课题的提出 6
1.3.1课题提出背景 6
1.3.2课题的意义 7
1.3.3课题的预期目标 8
1.4小结 8
2 有限元软件ANSYS简介..................…………………………………...9
2.1有限元介绍 …………………………………………………………………………………...9
2.2 ANSYS软件功能 10
2.2.1前处理 11
2.2.2加载及求解 12
2.2.3后处理 12
2.3小结 13
3 履带起重机的总体设计 ……………………………………………………………14
3.1计算工况 14
3.1.1静载荷 14
3.1.2动载荷 14
3.1.3载荷分类及载荷组合 14
3.2方案的确定 15
3.2.1技术参数的确定 16
3.2.2整机稳定性计算方法 16
3.3桁架式主臂受力分析 17
3.4臂架总体结构设计 18
3.4.1总体设计 18
3.4.2刚度校核 19
3.4.3强度计算 20
3.4.4总体稳定性校核 20
3.4.5腹杆体系长细比校核 22
3.5小结 23
4 模型的建立 24
4.1有限元模型简化原则 24
4.2模型的初步建立 25
4.3加载仿真 33
4.4小结 35
5 有限元计算 36
5.1软件运行结果 36
5.2小结 42
6 结论 32
6.1结果分析 43
6.2结束语 43
参考文献 44