2000kn单动液压机活动横梁结构分析及优化设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

2000KN单动液压机活动横梁结构分析及优化设计

摘 要
液压机活动横梁是液压机主体结构的一个重要部件，它不仅自身较重，还起着承受工作缸和液压力的作用，因此，活动横梁的强度对整个液压机的性能和安全有着很大影响。
在传统的设计方法，设计计算的过程很复杂，设计速度较慢，并且容易出错。随着计算机技术的飞速发展，计算机软件技术也得到了很大的发展，将工程结构分析软件用于产品的开发、设计、分析和制造，已成为近代工业提升竞争力的主要方法。
本文采用有限元分析软件ANSYS9.0对2000KN液压机活动横梁进行了静态结构分析计算及结构优化。将活动横梁的工作状况简化为三个主要的工况：对心受压、沿活动横梁长度方向的偏载和宽度方向偏载，建立了三维活动横梁静态有限元模型，通过有限元计算，得到了静态载荷下横梁的应力和位移分布，从中可以发现原横梁结构设计得较保守，所用材料有较大的富余，从而造成横梁结构的笨重及材料的浪费。
在对横梁结构进行有限元计算的基础上，采用经验的优化方法来调整活动横梁尺寸，对铸造结构板厚、肋板等做反复试算，达到降低材料消耗和减轻重量的目的。与此同时所受应力更合理且最大位移在规定的范围内。
通过这些计算及优化过程表明有限元方法对液压机新结构的设计提供了强有力的工具。

关键词： 液压机，有限元，结构优化，活动横梁
 
ABSTRACT
The adjustable cross-beam is an important part of the hydraulic machine. It not only has heavy weight itself, but also bears the acting force from the working vat and hydraulic power. So it is large influent to the capability and safety of the whole hydraulic machine that the intensity of the adjustable crossbeam.
In the traditional design method, the cause of design is very complex and the speed of design is slow comparatively, and it is easy to make mistakes. Along with the computer technology’s development, computer software technology have also gotten great development. Project structure analysis software is used in production, design, analysis and the development of product. It has become the major method to promote the modern industrial’s competition ability.
In this paper, we use ANSYS9.0 which is a finite element analysis software to calculate and analysis 2000 KN activities hydraulic beams structural in the static state and structural optimization. Activities of the beams will be reduced to the status of the work of the three main conditions: being contained, activities along the length of the beams are partial and biased set width. We establish the static 3-D finite element model of activities beams, and get the static the stress and displacement distribution of the beams through the finite element analysis in the static stat, and we can find in the more conservative design in the original structure, and the materials which is used is  a greater surplus, so resulting in heavy beams of the structure and material waste.
In order to reduce material consumption and reduce the weight, the researcher takes the experienced optimized methods to adjust the activities of the beams size and repeatedly calculates the structure casting thickness, rib plate and so forth on the basis of the limited element analysis to the beams’ structure. At the same time, the suffered stress should be reasonable and the largest displacement should be within the prescriptive provisions.
These calculations and optimized processes show that the finite element method provides a powerful tool for design of the new hydraulic structure.

Key words: Hydraulic pressure; FE method; Structure optimization; activities beams.

 
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1  绪 论 1
1.1 选题的目的与意义 1
1.2 国内外液压机的现状与发展趋势 1
1.2.1 概述 1
1.2.2 国外液压机的发展现状 2
1.2.3 国内液压机的发展现状 2
1.2.4 液压机技术的发展趋势 3
1.3 机构的现代设计方法 4
1.3.1 传统设计方法 4
1.3.2 现代设计方法 4
1.4 本课题研究的主要内容 5
2  液压机结构有限元分析的理论基础 7
2.1 液压机的基本参数及结构特点 7
2.1.1 液压机基本参数 7
2.1.2 液压机的结构及特点 8
2.2 有限元法 9
2.2.1 有限元法概述 9
2.2.2 有限元方法的解题步骤 9
2.3 计算机软件的选择 10
2.4 本章小结 10
3  液压机活动横梁结构的模型建立 11
3.1 建模方法的选择 11
3.2 模型的简化 11
3.3 活动横梁实体模型的建立 11
3.4 活动横梁有限元模型的建立 23
3.4.1 单元的选取 23
3.4.2材料的选取 23
3.5 本章小结 24
4  活动横梁的有限元分析 25
4.1 液压机活动横梁的受力分析 25
4.2 加载与边界条件的确定 26
4.2.1 加载 26
4.2.2 边界条件的确定 26
4.3 活动横梁有限元计算的应力结果分析 26
4.3.1 工况一：对心受压 27
4.3.2 工况二：X方向偏载 31
4.3.3 工况三：Y方向偏载 33
4.4 活动横梁有限元的位移结构分析 36
4.4.1 工况一 36
4.4.2 工况二 40
4.4.3 工况三 41
4.5 活动横梁的体积计算 43
4.6 本章小结 44
5  活动横梁结构的优化 45
5.1 结构优化方法的选取 45
5.2 活动横梁结构的优化 45
5.3 本章小结 55
6  结 论 56
参考文献 57