2030六辊可逆冷轧机弯辊及平衡装置设计.doc

2030六辊可逆冷轧机弯辊及平衡装置设计

摘    要
六辊冷轧机的轧辊可以分为支撑辊、中间辊、工作辊。冷轧中间辊是冷轧机的关键部件。在六辊轧制系统的设计中，重要的是分析单机架可逆式六辊轧机中间辊横移，工作辊弯辊和中间辊弯辊对于轧件平直度和凸度的影响。
在轧制生产中，轧辊要与所轧金属直接接触，使金属产生塑性变形，获得所需要的钢材，不论热轧还是冷轧，轧辊是轧机的主要变形工具，而轧辊的质量和使用寿命直接关系轧机的生产效率、产品的质量及生产成本。因此轧辊的质量要求非常严格，其主要有强度、硬度、耐用性和辊型的设计，其中辊型的设计直接关系到轧制产品的质量，是轧辊设计中最重要的一个部分。而轧辊的辊型设计则直接关系到轧制产品的质量问题，包括板形和板厚的控制精度等等。
板材的平直度取决于轧制时的辊缝分布形状和轧制前该板材所具有的平直度以及板材的横向厚度差，而板材同一断面的中间凸度和边部减薄是由于轧制时轧机受到轧制反力作用而产生各部分的变形导致轧辊辊缝分布不均所至。要改变轧材的横断面板形，其首要问题是改善工作辊辊缝的分布形状。采用液压弯辊装置，利用液压缸的压力，人为的对轧辊施加附加弯曲力矩，来改变轧辊轧钢时的挠度，以消除轧制条件变化对辊缝的影响，使辊缝始终保持正确的形状，轧出符合横向厚度公差和板型要求的轧材。对于支承辊也采用液压平衡装置来支承其重量。
 液压弯辊的突出特点是调整速度快，调整精度高，能够在轧制过程中迅速修正带钢横向厚度差以及消除带钢局部波浪形瓢曲，适应于高速轧制的需要，并能够使一种原始辊型适应多种产品规格的要求。

关键词：弯辊装置，液压弯辊，平衡装置，弯辊力，轧辊辊型

ABSTRACT

Six roller cold-rolling mill's roller may divide into the back-up roll, the middle roller, the working roll. The cold rolling middle roller is cold-rolling mill's key component. In six roller rolling system's design, analyzes the single rack reversible -like six-roller mill middle roller to move horizontally more importantly, working roll curved roller and middle roller curved roller regarding rolled piece straightness and convexity influence.
In the rolling production, the roller must with roll over the metal immediate contact, causes the metal to have the plastic deformation, obtains steel products which needs, no matter the hot rolling cold rolling, the roller is rolling mill's main distortion tool, but roller's quality and service life direct relation rolling mill's production efficiency, product quality and production cost. Therefore roller's quality requirement is strict, it mainly has the intensity, degree of hardness, durable and roller's design, its middle roll's design direct relation rolling product's quality, is in the roll designing a most important part. But roller's roller design direct relation rolling product quality question, including shape of strip and thickness of slab control precision and so on.
Plate straightness is decided straightness which as well as plate crosswise thickness the roller seam distribution shape and the rolling this plate has before the rolling time is bad, but the plate identical cross section's middle convexity and side attenuates is because time rolling the rolling mill receives the rolling reaction function to have various part of distortions to cause the roller roller seam distribution unevenly. Must change rolls over the material the cross section shape of strip, its most important question is improves the working roll roller seam the distributed shape. Uses the fluid to bend the roller installment, using hydraulic cylinder's pressure, the artificial breaker roll exerts the additional bending moment, changes the roller to roll steel the time amount of deflection, eliminates the rolling condition change to the roller seam influence, causes the roller seam maintains the correct shape throughout, rolls over conforms to the crosswise thickness common difference and the board request rolls over the material. Also uses hydraulic pressure balancing unit supporting its weight regarding the support roll.
The fluid bends roller's prominent characteristic is the governed speed is quick, the adjustment precision is high, can the rapid revision hoop crosswise thickness difference as well as eliminates the hoop partial wave shape wooden scoop tune in the rolling process, adapts in the high-speed rolling need, and can cause one kind of primitive roller adaptation many kinds of product specifications the request.

Key words：Roll bending device，Hydraulic bending roll，Balance device，
Curved roller strength，Roll-roller

目   录
中文摘要………………………………………………………………     Ⅰ
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………..     Ⅱ
1 绪论………………………………………………………………….     1
1.1 课题来源、背景及研究意义……………………………………..     2
1.2 轧钢机概述…………………………………………………….      3
1.3 轧钢机械的分类…………………………………………………     3
1.3.1 按用途分类……………………………………………………..       3
1.3.2 按构造分类………………………………………………………      4
1.3.3 按工作机座布置分类 ……………………………………      5
1.4国内外轧钢机发展状况…………………………………………….    6
    1.4.1 初轧机的发展概况…………………………………………    6
    1.4.2 冷轧宽带钢轧机及生产技术………………………………     6
    1.4.3钢管轧机的发展状况…………………………………….      6
        1.4.4线性轧机的发展概况……………………………………..      6
1.5轧辊概述………………………………………………………….     7
    1.5.1 轧辊的类型……………………………………………….     7
    1.5.2 轧辊的结构……………………………………………….     7
    1.5.3 轧辊的参数……………………………………………….     8
    1.5.4 轧辊材料的选择……………………………………………    9
1.6 主要研究内容 ………………………………………………........    11
2 弯辊力确定及辊型设计…………………………………………..    12
2.1 辊型和影响辊型的因素……………………………………………    12
2.1.1 辊型……………………………………………………       12
2.1.2 影响轧辊辊型的因素………………………………………..    12
2.2轧辊辊型设计……………………………………………………..     14
2.3 轧辊辊型调整…………………………………………………….     15
2.4 液压弯辊 ……………………………………………………………….      16
2.5液压弯辊装置……………………………………………………………       16
2.6轧制力矩模型……………………………………………………………       18
2.7工作辊和中间辊弯辊装置的辊型曲线计算.......................      22
3 轧辊调整装置和支承辊平衡装置……………………………...     28
3.1 轧辊调整装置的类型……………………………………………….    28
3.2 轧辊手动调整装置………………………………………………….    29
   3.2.1上辊手动调整装置…………………………………………..     29
   3.2.2中辊手动调整装置…………………………………………..     29
   3.2.3下辊手动调整装置………………………………………….      29
3.3 上辊平衡装置…………………………………………………….      29
3.3.1 上辊平衡装置的作用与特点…………………………………      29
3.3.2 液压式平衡装置……………………………………………..      30
3.4 工作辊、中间辊和支承辊质量的确定……………………………       30
3.5 轧辊轴承的选型…………………………………………………       32
4 液压系统设计………………………………………………………      35
4.1液压缸设计………………………………………………………       35
4.1.1 工作辊液压缸设计…………………………………………       36
4.1.2 中间辊液压缸设计…………………………………………       36
4.1.3 关于工作辊负弯辊的设计…………………………………..       37
4.1.4 支承辊平衡缸的设计……………………………………….       38
4.2 伺服阀的设计……………………………………………………       39
4.2.1 工作辊用伺服阀……………………………………………       40
4.2.1 中间辊用伺服阀……………………………………………..      40
4.3 泵的设计……………………………………………………….....      41
4.3.1 泵的压力计算……………………………………………….       41
4.3.2 液压系统总流量计算…………………………………………      41
4.4 蓄能器设计……………………………………………………….      42
4.4.1 蓄能器的流量计算…………………………………………...      42
4.4.2 蓄能器利用容积 推导…………………………………….      43
4.4.3 蓄能器充气压力 的确定…………………………………….     43
4.4.4 蓄能器数目验算………………………………………………     44
4.5 液压伺服系统原理图……………………………………………………..     46
5 结论……………………………………………………………………     47
6 参考文献………………………………………………………………    48