滚动轴承故障振动机理分析与测试系统的设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

滚动轴承故障振动机理分析与测试系统的设计（本科毕业论文设计）


摘    要
滚动轴承是旋转机械中应用最广泛的一种通用机械部件，其运行状态直接影响到整台机器的性能。但是它的寿命离散性很大，对其进行定时维修是不可取的，应进行工况监控和故障诊断。所以就有必要对滚动轴承的监测系统进行初步的研究。
本文对滚动轴承的结构特点、故障机理和振动机理进行了分析并开发滚动轴承的振动测试系统。简单介绍了滚动轴承振动信号的处理方法。通过对滚动轴承振动数据采集然后对信号进行时域分析和频谱分析一实现的滚动轴承状态的监测和故障的诊断。
本文主要从以下几个方面进行了研究：
1）以滚动轴承的结构和工作原理为基础，分析了滚动轴承振动产生的机理。并根据滚动轴承振动信号产生的机理及特点，分析振动信号的采集方法以及由于故障的不同引起的不同形式的振动。建立了简单的故障振动的数学模型，根据数学模型分析了滚动轴承的故障振动的机理和特征信号。
2）在学习Vc++程序开发方法及SQL Sever数据库的应用方法的基础上，开发了滚动轴承的故障测试系统，其中，着重对测点的选择、传感器的选择与安装、A/D卡的选择及滤波方法的选择作了重要的论述。通过测试系统对滚动轴承振动信号的实际分析，说明该系统可以很好的解决由于滚动轴承的离散性而造成的定时维修不可取的困境。

关键词：滚动轴承，机理分析，测试系统

ABSTRACT

    The rolling bearing is one king of the most wide-used general mechanicl parts in the revolving machinery,its running status directly affects the entire machine performance.The uppermost characteristic of the rolling bearing is that the life separate is large,the regular maintenance is unadvisable but carrying on the operating mode monitoring and malfunction diagnosis.Therefore it is necessary tu conduct the preliminary research to the rolling bearing monitoring and diagnosis system.
This article conducted the research of the rolling bearing's Structural characteristics、malfunction elements and vibration elements,simply introduced the singal processing method of the rolling bearing's vibration and the monitoring and diagnosis system which carrys on the time domain analysis and the frequency domain analysis by collecting the date of the rolling bearing 's vibration in order to carry out the status monitoring and malfunction diagnosis of the rolling bearing.
This article mainly conducts research from several aspects below:
Frist, the structure of rolling and working principle is based on analysis of the rolling bearing vibration mechanism.Rolling vibration signals and in accordance with the mechanism and characteristics of vibration signals in the collection method as well as the different fault caused by different forms of vibration. Failure to establish a simple mathematical model of the vibration, according to a mathematical model of the rolling bearing failure and features of the mechanism of vibration signals.
 Second,In the study Vc + + development of methods and procedures SQL Sever database applications on the basis of the development of the Rolling fault testing system, of which focused on the choice of measurement points, the selection and installation of sensors, A / D card choices and Filtering method of choice, made an important expositions. Rolling through the test system on the actual analysis of vibration signals that the system can be a very good solution because of the dispersion of the Rolling caused by the plight of regular maintenance undesirable.

Keywords:rolling bearing,test system,mechanical analysis

目录

中文摘要.................................................................Ⅰ
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................Ⅱ
1 概述.....................................................................1
    1.1课题的研究目的和意义..............................................1
    1.2国内外研究的发展现状..............................................1
       1.2.1测试系统现状.................................................2
       1.2.2旋转机械研究现状.............................................2
    1.3课题的主要研究内容 ...............................................3
2滚动轴承故障机理的研究..............................................4
    2.1滚动轴承的结构及故障形式.............................................4
  2.1.1滚动轴承的结构..................................................4
  2.1.2滚动轴承主要故障形式............................................4
    2.2滚动轴承故障机理分析..................................................5
  2.2.1滚动轴承工作原理及故障振动模型的建立............................5
   2.2.2外滚道损伤机理分析..............................................7
   2.2.3内滚道损伤机理分析..............................................8
   2.2.4滚动体损伤机理分析..............................................9
    2.3滚动轴承振动特点分析 .................................................9
  2.3.1滚动轴承的振动类型..............................................9
  2.3.2滚动轴承的振动机理.............................................10
   2.4滚动轴振动信号特征..................................................10
  2.4.1正常滚动轴承的振动信号特征.....................................10
   2.4.2故障滚动轴承的振动信号特征.....................................12
3硬件部分和测试系统的研究...........................................16
     3.1硬件部分...........................................................16
     3.2传感器.............................................................16
       3.2.1传感器的种类...................................................16
        3.2.2传感器的选择与安装.............................................17
     3.3 A/D转换器..........................................................18
       3.3.1A/D转换器的主要参数............................................18
        3.3.2A/D转换器的选择..............................................19
      3.4测点的选择.......................................................19
      3.5中间环节的设计...................................................20
        3.5.1放大器.......................................................20
         3.5.2虑波器.......................................................20
4滚动轴承故障振动测试系统的软件设计与实例分析...........22
      4.1软件系统的设计...................................................22
       4.2数据采集和分析...................................................24
       4.3实例分析.........................................................25
5结论与展望............................................................28
6参考文献...............................................................29
7致谢....................................................................30