税制优惠对金融危机的影响[外文翻译].rar

税制优惠对金融危机的影响[外文翻译]
英文：16234字
中文：5049字


Tax Incentives as Crisis Response

Georgi Angelov and Simeon Djankov



Abstract Many countries are contemplating stimulus packages as a response to the deepening economic crisis. This paper discusses the benefits of tax reform as a crisis-response measure. It provides a calculation of the benefits of such reform, taking as example the reduction of payroll taxes in Bulgaria. We also estimate the costs in terms of foregone revenue. We find that a reform to reduce the payroll tax by 7.5 percentage points, from 31.3% to 23.8%, would result in 130,000 jobs been created or saved, and a 0.5% increase in annual GDP growth. Taking the static and dynamic effects of such reform into account, the cost would amount to 0.63% of GDP. The reform has three additional benefits. First, it is not subject to corruption: the government is not in a position to distribute largesse as under a fiscal expansion program. Second, it works as a direct stimulus - every business and worker in the formal economy gets the benefit. Third, tax reform is quick to implement and can have immediate effects.



税制优惠对金融危机的影响
Georgi Angelov and Simeon Djankov

摘要：许多国家正在考虑通过一揽子的刺激计划以应对逐步恶化的金融危机。本文主要讨论了应用税制改革来应对金融危机的好处。文中提供了若干数据来表明改革所带来的益处。例如保加利亚在减低工资税方面的改革。同时，我们就收入损失方面估算了所需的开支。我们发现，如果将工资税调低7.5%，即从31.3%调低到23.8%，那么改革就将创造或保留13万工作岗位，同时使GDP每年增长0.5%。如果同时考虑到静态和动态影响，那么改革的成本是GDP的0.63%。但是，改革将会带来三个方面的好处。首先，改革不会受到腐败的影响，因为在财政扩张的情况下，政府无权进行慷慨派发。第二，它作为一种直接刺激，每一个在正规经济中的企业和劳动者都会从中受益。第三，税制改革的实施和收效都是很迅速的。
导论
许多国家正在考虑通过一揽子的刺激计划以应对逐步恶化的金融危机。这也激发了一个长久以来的辩论：政府是应该侧重于财政扩张还是税收鼓励？有些国家的提案将两项都包含在内。例如德国 ，英国和美国。但是即使在这些国家，对于财政和税收刺激到底怎样组合才是正确的也存在着激烈的讨论。
财政扩张作为应对危机的手段之一是很有意义的，因为它目标明确。例如在低技能工作中，最明显的财政扩张是在一些基础设施项目中表现出来的——它可以创造就业机会，而且效果是显而易见的。从一定意义上说，政府正在给予一定的回应。