基于球刀加工的数控刻楦机控制系统设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对鞋的舒适性、美观有了更高的要求，这就对鞋楦的制造提出了更高的要求。另外，相对于那些从上世纪60年代就开始研究制鞋先进技术的发达国家，我国的制鞋技术还很落后。为了提高我国制鞋业在国际上的竞争水平，采用先进的制造技术对传统制楦方法进行改造也是必须的。将数控技术应用于鞋楦加工可以大幅提高鞋楦制造的精度、效率和质量稳定性，而且能够实现自动化智能化生产。虽然市场上有很多数控系统可以选用，但是鞋楦加工具有独特性，通用的数控系统或者满足不了加工要求，或者功能过剩，所以设计一套实用、可靠的刻楦机数控系统具有重要的现实意义。
本文首先阐述了鞋楦制造技术的国内外现状，以了解国外的先进技术和发展趋势，以及我国在这一领域存在的差距，为研制数控刻楦机的控制系统作出指引。
本文就数控加工的基本原理和数控技术在鞋楦制造中的应用进行了分析，深入研究了数控系统的工作原理、基本结构，描述了数控系统的主要功能。对鞋楦的数控加工原理和鞋楦数控系统的功能进行了研究，比较后选用“PC+运动控制卡”的系统结构。控制系统的设计包含硬件设计和软件设计两大部分。在硬件设计部分，本文讲述了数控系统的选型、数控系统的硬件结构，介绍了主要元件的选择，设计了电气原理图、互连图及控制柜体图。在软件设计部分，本文分析了控制软件的功能结构，加工程序的工作原理和自动加工的实现，设计了部分程序和控制软件界面。


关键词：控制系统，刻楦机，数字控制，鞋楦，球刀














ABSTRACT

With people's living standard rises, people have higher demands on the comfort and appearance of the shoes, which created a higher demand on the shoe last manufacture. In addition, compared to those developed countries which from the 1960s began to study advanced shoe-making technology, China's shoe-making technology is still very backward. For enhancing the international competitiveness level of our shoe-making industry, the use of advanced manufacturing technologies in last manufacture is very necessary. NC technology will be applied to shoe last processing .It can substantially increase the accuracy of manufacturing shoe last, efficiency and quality of stability. It also can make the manufacture roboticized and intelligentized. Although many CNC systems on the market are optional, but the shoe last processing is unique, General NC systems, or can not satisfy the requirements of the processing, or have excess function. So to design a practical and reliable Last Carving NC system is very neccessary.
This paper described the shoe last manufacturing technology status at home and abroad. It let us learn foreign advanced technology and development trends, and our country's gap in this area. This directs the development of last carving CNC machine control system.
This paper analysis the basic principles of NC and the application in the shoe last manufacture of NC manufacturing technology. It studys the NC system's work principle, basic structure in-depth, and describes the main features of the NC system. The principle of NC last carving and the function of the control system have been studied. Through comparison, "PC + motion control card" system structure is selected. Control system design includes hardware design and software design of two major parts. In some of the hardware design, the paper describes the selection of NC system, the NC system hardware structure, introduces the main components of the selection, and designs the electrical schematics, interconnect map and control tank drawing. In software design part, the paper analyzes the structure of control software functions, the principle of the machining program and automatic processing. It designs part of the control program and control software interface.


Key words: control systems, carved Last machine, NC, shoe last, the ball knife



目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 绪论¬ 1
1.1 鞋楦概述 1
1.2传统鞋楦制造方法 1
1.2.1手工制楦 1
1.2.2 拷模加工 2
1.3 鞋楦制造国内外现状 2
1.4课题研究的意义 3
1.5课题研究的任务 4
1.6 本章小结 4
2 鞋楦数控加工原理 5
2.1 数控系统概述 5
2.1.1 数控系统的分类 5
2.1.2 计算机数控系统的基本结构 7
2.1.3 计算机数控系统的工作过程 8
2.1.4 数控插补的原理和方法 9
2.1.5 刀具补偿及管理 12
2.2 鞋楦数控加工原理 12
2.2.1鞋楦数控加工方式 12
2.2.2鞋楦数控加工流程 13
2.2.3数控系统控制对象 14
2.3本章小结 14
3 刻楦机数控系统的硬件设计 15
3.1刻楦机数控系统选型 15
3.2刻楦机数控系统硬件结构 16
3.3刻楦机数控系统主要元件 16
3.3.1 PC工控机 17
3.3.2步进电机选择计算及驱动器的选择 17
3.3.3 步进电机控制卡选择 20
3.3.4 行程限位开关 21
3.4数控系统电气模块的设计 23
3.4.1 电气控制线路的设计 23
3.4.2 电气互连图的设计 24
3.4.3 操作面板的设计 24
3.4.4 控制柜的设计 26
3.5 本章小结 26
4 刻楦机数控系统的软件设计 27
4.1 控制软件的功能结构 27
4.2数控加工控制程序工作原理 27
4.3 鞋楦自动加工的实现 28
4.4 控制函数介绍 31
4.5 插补程序设计 32
4.5.1 直线插补原理 32
4.5.2 直线插补程序流程图 33
4.5.3 直线插补程序 33-br..