集中液压驱动动力换档a型变速装置设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

在现今的社会生产中，工程机械正充当着不可替代的重要角色。从市政工程、交通建设到大型工程的开展，工程机械都发挥了重要的作用。其中尤以液压驱动的挖掘机为代表。
为满足工程机械的各种作业要求，使其能够更大限度地发挥生产能力，本文研究了整机质量为20T的轮式挖掘机在满足高速档0~30Km/h、低速档0~8Km/h、最大爬坡度>20度的牵引要求下所需的牵引力，并选择了适当的液压马达、确定了行走装置的速比分配，最终设计了适用于20T挖掘机的集中液压驱动动力换档型变速装置，即行星齿轮减速器。
与普通的定轴式减速箱相比，行星式减速器有齿轮模数小、结构紧凑、重量较轻、传动效率高等优点。在本文所附的减速器装配图中可以看出其结构的紧凑性。
本文在研究方法上借鉴了以往的关于车辆牵引力计算的方法，考虑到了滚动阻力、空气阻力、坡道阻力、行走速度以及传动损失和行走损失对牵引力的影响。在换档装置方面，本文采用了能够依靠液压油直接控制的湿式摩擦离合器，并采用了结构紧凑、释放平稳的碟形弹簧作为复位元件。
本文设计了一款行星齿轮减速器，并随后附上了该减速器的装配图、箱体图以及部分零件图。经过校核，本文所设计的行星齿轮减速器能够满足20T挖掘机各档速度以及爬坡能力等作业要求。



关键词：减速器，行星齿轮，工程机械，液压传动

ABSTRACT


In the modern social production, engineering machinery is playing an irreplaceable role in the municipal project, transportation construction, and the construction of some large-scale projects. Excavator driven by liquid compression is one of the typical engineer machinery.
In order to meet the requirements of all operations to exert their production capacity in maximum, the paper do some research on to measure the tractive effort of a wheel excavator weighted 20T under the conditions of variator high ratio at 0~30Km/h, variator low ratio at 0~8Km/h, and maximum gradability over 20 degree, choose the proper hydraulic slave motor, decide the ratio of speed of the traveling gears, and finally design out a variable-speed gearshift driven by liquid compression applied to the 20T weight excavator, named planet decelerator.
Compared with the ordinary countershaft reduction gearbox, the planet decelerators have the merits of small module of gear, compact form, light in weight, high transmission efficiency and the like. From the assembly drawing of decelerators in the paper, we can figure out the compact character of the form.
The paper utilizes the precedent method to count a car's traction with the condition of the influence of rolling resistance, air resistance, gradient resistance, travel speed, tra,nsmission loss and travel loss on the traction. As to the gearshift, the paper uses wet friction clutch directly controlled by hydraulic oil, and chooses the form-compacted and stably released belleville ring as reset unit.
The paper design out a planet decelerator, followed with its erection drawing, case drawing and part drawings. After the check process, it turns out that this planet decelerator can satisfy the different shift speeds of a 20T weight excavator and the requirements of any operations such as grade ability.


Key words: decelerator, planet gear, engineering machinery, construction machinery and equipment, hydraulic transmission

目 录

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪论 1
1.1 发展概况 1
1.2 行星齿轮的传动的发展 6
1.2.1 行星齿轮的定义 6
1.3 行星齿轮传动的特点 9
1.3.1行星齿轮传动的优点 9
1.3.2行星齿轮传动的缺点 10
1.4 设计任务简介 11
1.4.1设计的主要内容 11
1.4.2 设计的要求 11
2 减速箱传动方案的设计 12
2.1 行星齿轮传动类型设计 12
2.1.1 行星传动的分类 12
2.1.2 行星齿轮传动的基本类型 12
2.1.3 行星齿轮传动类型的选定及传动简图 13
2.2 初选马达、液压泵、发动机 14
2.3 变速箱传动比的确定 16
2.3.1 最低行驶速度 与最高行驶速度 的确定 16
2.3.2 变速箱最低档与最高档的传动比 17
2.4 爬坡能力与最高速的验算 19
2.4.1 各档轮胎驱动力 的验算 19
2.4.2 各档最高速的验算 19
2.4.3 整机牵引力特性曲线： 20
3 减速箱零件的设计与校核 22
3.1 摩擦离合器的确定 22
3.1.1 性能参数的确定 22
3.1.2 结构参数的确定 22
3.2 Ⅰ轴的设计与校核 23
3.2.1 Ⅰ轴材料的选取 23
3.2.2 Ⅰ轴直径的初步估算 23
3.2.3 Ⅰ轴的结构设计 24
3.2.4 Ⅰ轴的校核计算 25
3.3 齿轮的设计与校核 28
3.3.1 选配齿轮 28
3.3.2 确定齿轮主要参数 29
3.3.3 齿轮的校核 30
4.总结 33
参考文献 34