某塔式起重机塔身结构分析及结构优化设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

本文是在国家“九五”科技攻关项目“大型塔式起重机及其关键配套设备”获得重大研究成果这一大背景下提出的。因此，它的针对性和实用性强，潜在的社会效益和经济效益大。
文中以QTZ315型塔式起重机为例，根据塔式起重机设计规范和刚结构计算理论，对塔身结构进行了深入的受力分析，将塔身看作空间桁架结构从而得到有效的简化模型，研究了塔身整体强度、刚度、整体稳定性及单肢、腹杆稳定性校核过程中参数的选择。
本文针对以往主要依靠经验来确定塔身主要参数的传统设计方法，提出了采用以数学规划为理论基础的最优化方法对塔身进行结构优化设计，该方法是进行结构优化设计的一种有效方法，经济效果显著，对提高设计质量有着重大意义。


关键词：塔式起重机塔身，结构分析，优化设计，数学规划法
















ABSTRACT

The thesis is submitted under this big background that the research project “Large Tower Crane and Its Accordant Technique” has gained significant research production, which is the “95” national major research project of science and technology. Therefore, it has strong practicability and definite purpose, and has greater potential benefit both in the social and economical fields.
In this paper, using the QTZ315 tower crane an example, in line with the tower crane design specification and steel-structure theory, the tower body structure’s further mechanic analysis has been conducted, focusing on the corresponding parameter selection during checking strength, stiffness and stability of the whole tower body, which views the tower body as the trussed construction of space to get the effective simplification model thereby.
Relied the traditional design methods which determine the main parameters of the shaft, this paper submit a theory based on mathematical programming for the optimization of the structural optimization of shaft design. Be method's turn to be that effective method, economic results carrying out one kind that structural optimization designs are notable, have great importance to raising design mass.


Key words： tower crane mast, structural analysis, optimal design, mathematical programming










目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1 国内外塔式起重机发展概况 1
1.1.1 国外塔式起重机的发展状况 1
1.1.2 我国塔式起重机发展历史和现状 2
1.2 塔式起重机的组成与类型 3
1.2.1 塔式起重机的组成 3
1.2.2 塔式起重机的类型 4
1.3 本课题的研究背景 6
1.4 问题的提出及本论文的主要内容 6
2 塔身的受力分析 8
2.1 塔身力学模型的建立 8
2.2 载荷分析 8
3 塔身优化设计研究 11
3.1 优化设计概述 11
3.2 优化设计数学模型 12
3.2.1 设计变量的确定 13
3.2.2 目标函数的制定 15
3.2.3 约束条件的拟定 15
4 QTZ315塔式起重机塔身结构的优化设计 20
4.1 QTZ315塔机简介 20
4.2 QTZ315独立式塔式起重机塔身优化设计 20
4.2.1 优化设计目标函数及约束条件的确定 21
4.2.2 优化模型的分析与建立 24
4.2.3 优化模型的求解 25
5 结论 27
致谢 28
参考文献 29
附录Ⅰ：MATLAB程序代码 30