假体（人工髋关节或接骨板）——骨界面间微动摩擦磨损的生物力学计算机仿真研究（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

生物医学工程的迅速发展，带来了人类医疗技术的革命。而病变、事故等原因导致髋关节功能丧失，给患者带来了很大的不便。人工关节特别是人工髋关节置换术是一种能即刻缓解、消除关节疼痛，提高患者生活质量的成功手术。
但是置换术后的中远期效果不能令人满意，置入假体出现无菌松动等并发症，导致手术失败引起翻修。目前，虽然对人工关节松动的确切机理尚不清楚，但是致病因素基本可归为两大类：一为生物学因素，即松动由磨损颗粒引起；另一为机械因素，即松动由微动、压力等引起。
本文利用图像处理和计算机辅助设计技术，将股骨CT二维图像进行三维重建，设计了解剖型假体，与股骨虚拟装配后，通过有限元软件（ANSYS）分析假体在步态载荷作用下的位移变化情况。假体的位移在二十微米左右，结合Jasty等人关于微动对假体松动影响的研究成果，证实解剖型假体具有较好的初始稳定性，有利于减少由于微动造成的假体松动。


关键词：髋关节假体，步态载荷，有限元法，微动


















ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of biomedical engineering, it brings the revolution of medical technique. However, the loss of hip joint function caused by pathologic change, accident and so on makes patients inconvenient seriously. Joint replacement, especially hip joint replacement is a successful surgical procedure, which can release and eliminate the pain of joint, advance life quality of patients and so on.
But the long-term stability of the artificial joint is not satisfactory, with the aseptic loosening and other complications, which lead to the failure of the operation. At present, although the exact mechanism of loosening is not clear, many researchers consider that both the mechanics and the biology factors can cause the loosening, for example, fretting and wearing chippings.
On the basis of image Processing technique and computer aided design technique，three dimensional digital model of femur was reconstructed from CT data. An anatomical prosthesis is designed by Pro/E, virtual assembled with the femur. Through the finite element software (ANSYS), simulate the displacement of prosthesis according the gait loads. The displacement of prosthesis is about 20μm. According to Jasty’s research results, it proves that anatomical prosthesis has good initial stability, which can reduce the prosthesis loosening caused by fretting.


Key words：Hip prosthesis, Gait load, Finite element method, Fretting













目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.2人工髋关节的发展 1
1.2.1 人体髋关节的解剖结构和生物力学特点 1
1.2.2 人工髋关节及研究现状 3
1.2.2.1 人工髋关节材料 3
1.2.2.2 人工髋关节设计 5
1.2.2.3 人工髋关节的固定 6
1.3 解剖型人工髋关节 7
1.4 本课题研究目的及内容 9
2股骨三维实体模型的建立 10
2.1 CT图像数据的采集 10
2.2 CT图像数据处理及输出 11
2.3 股骨模型三维重建 13
2.4 本章小结 16
3 解剖型假体的设计 17
3.1 概述 17
3.2 假体的设计 17
3.3 假体与股骨的虚拟装配 22
3.4 本章小结 22
4 假体在步态载荷作用下位移的有限元分析 23
4.1 引言 23
4.2 有限元分析 23
4.2.1 定义材料属性 23
4.2.2 网格划分 24
4.2.3 接触设置 25
4.2.4 施加载荷与约束 28
4.2.5 求解器设置 31
4.3 察看结果 32
4.4 本章小结 33
5 结果分析 34
5.1 假体位移结果分析 34
5.2 微动对人工髋关节松动的影响分析 36
5.3 本章小结 37
6 结论与展望 38
6.1 全文工作总结 38
6.2 今后研究工作展望 38
致谢 39
参考文献 40