数控电液执行器控制系统的研究与设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

电液执行器是过程控制的重要设备，是工业自动化系统中的执行单元。它以电动机作为动力源，以液压油作为传动介质，将控制信号转换成相应的动作来控制阀门或挡板的位置。
本文分析了国内外电液执行机构的研究现状和发展趋势，阐述了该课题的研究价值和目标，开发出了以8031单片机为核心，集智能信号采集、检测、显示和控制为一体的数控系统，以步进电机带动组合阀为核心，异步电机驱动齿轮泵提供液压油的液压控制系统的一种新型电液执行器，用于工业现场对流体的流量、速度的控制，具有安全可靠、性能优越、精度高等特点。
为了使执行器在工业控制系统中能够快速、准确地控制被控对象，能够对执行器机械部分的保护，能够一次性动作到位而不是来回调节。本课题设计的数控电液执行器的数控系统采用单片机完成，单片机强大的数据处理功能是实现执行器智能化的基本保证，可以通过设定不同环境下的执行程序来满足对执行器各种工作情况的要求，同时单片机的体积很小，可以减小整个执行器机构的体积和重量，这也是选择单片机的另一个原因。论文详细介绍了采用MCS-51系列8031单片机开发研制的数控电液执行器控制电路，分析了各个功能模块，编写了相关的控制程序，能够实现数据采集、启停控制、限位控制和实时显示等功能。
数控电液执行器的液压控制系统是由油箱、异步电机驱动的齿轮泵，溢流阀、步进电机带动的组合阀，油缸和节流阀等元件组成，文章阐述了各个元件的功能及液压系统的相关设计计算。


关键词：执行器，数控系统，单片机，液压系统，复合阀











ABSTRACT

Electro-hydraulic actuator is an important process control equipment, industrial automation systems in the implementation unit. It Motors as a power source to drive hydraulic oil as a medium to control signals into the appropriate action to control valves or lagging position

This paper analyses the implementing agencies at home and abroad, the study of the status quo and development trend on the subject of values and goals, developed a microcontroller as the core to 8031, set the smart signal acquisition, testing, display and control as one of the few Control systems to stepper motor driven combination valve at the core, the induction motor-driven hydraulic gear pump oil to provide the hydraulic control system of a new type of electro-hydraulic actuator for the industrial field of fluid flow and speed control , A safe and reliable, superior performance and high precision.

In order to make the implementation of the industrial-control system to quickly and accurately control object to the implementation of mechanical parts for the protection, to a one-time action in place rather than return regulation. The issue of the design of electro-hydraulic actuator NC NC system uses SCM completed, the MCU powerful data-processing function is to achieve the implementation of the basic guarantee for intelligent, you can set different environment through the implementation of procedures to meet For the implementation of various work requirements, while the size of a small microcontroller, can be reduced with the implementation of the volume and weight, which is another reason why the choice of SCM. Detailed papers on the use of MCS-51 series of 8031 MCU development of the NC electro-hydraulic actuator control circuit, the analysis of the various functional modules, prepared by the relevant control procedures, to achieve data collection, start and stop control, limit control And real-time display capabilities.

NC electro-hydraulic actuator of the hydraulic control system from the fuel tank, asynchronous motor-driven gear pumps, relief valve, the stepper motor-driven combination valve, fuel tanks and throttle components such as composition, the article describes the various Components and functions related to the design of the hydraulic system of calculation.


Key words：Actuator，NC system，SCM，Hydraulic system，Composite valve





目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2电液执行器的发展现状与趋势 1
1.3课题的研究价值及目标 4
2执行器控制系统总体方案设计 6
2.1执行器的原理和性能要求 6
2.1.1执行器的工作原理 6
2.1.2执行器的特点 7
2.2执行器控制系统的组成 7
3数控系统设计 9
3.1数控系统的组成 9
3.2数据采集系统 9
3.2.1模拟信号的采集 10
3.2.2采样保持电路 11
3.2.3信号的模/数转换 11
3.3键盘输入系统 14
3.3.1按键开关的去抖动 14
3.3.2键盘与单片机的连接 14
3.4步进电机驱动系统 15
3.4.1隔离电路 15
3.4.2功率放大电路 16
3.5显示接口系统 17
4系统软件设计 18
4.1软件系统程序流程图 18
4.2程序清单 19
5液压系统设计 24
5.1液压系统的组成 24
5.2液压系统关键元件的选型 24
5.2.1液压泵的选用 24
5.2.2数字复合阀的选用 25
5.2.3油箱的选用 26
5.3液压系统的设计计算 26
5.3.1液压缸的设计计算 26
5.3.2液压泵的设计计算 28
5.3.3管道尺寸的确定 29
5.3.4油箱容量的确定 30
5.3.5液压缸油口直径的计算 30
5.3.6缸底厚度的计算 30
5.4异步电机起动系统 31
6结论 34
参考文献 35