数控攻丝机设计（刀具库及主传动部分）（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，是制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，对许多重要行业的而发展起着越来越重要的作用。在机械加工领域中，钻孔与攻丝是一项重要技术，也是当今机械加工中大有可为的应用技术。螺纹可作为紧固联接、管道联接的一种联接方式、用来传递动力、进给运动、位移放大和微调等。因此，螺纹紧固件在各种机械中的应用很广泛，随着工业的发展，螺纹加工量越来越多，质量要求也相应提高，传统的钻孔、攻丝技术很难满足目前的加工需求。如果采用数控加工不仅可以提高加工精度，还能提高生产效率，降低经济成本。
将数控技术巧妙的运用到钻孔与攻丝，易于实现自动化。目前市场上的加工中心虽然可以钻孔，攻丝，但是其成本高，经济性差，效率低。如果采用传统钻床，攻丝机进行钻孔，攻丝，不仅工人的劳动强度大，而且容易出现孔加工错误，甚至出现漏加工现象。鉴于此种情况，我们设计出一种“数控攻丝机”，专门用来钻孔，攻丝。该数控攻丝机具有以下优点：1、加工精度高。2、生产效率高。3、自动化程度高。4、对加工对象适应性强。5、经济效益好。
该数控攻丝机用步进电机作为动力源，Z轴进给系统用丝杆螺母副将旋转运动转变为直线运动。换刀部分采用六角转塔自动换刀装置，一次可以安装六把刀具。可在一台机床上实现钻孔与攻丝操作，经济性好。


关键词：数控技术，钻孔，攻丝，数控攻丝机
















ABSTRACT

The application of NC technology not only brings revolutionary changes to the traditional manufacturing industry, which prompts the manufacturing sector to become the symbol of industrialization, but also plays a more and more important role in many essential industries, with the continuous development and the expansion of application fields of NC technology. In the field of processing machinery, drilling and tapping is an important technology, as well as a very promising application technology in current processing machinery. Thread can be used as a connection link in fastening connection and pipeline connection, transferring power, feeding movement and displacement, such as zoom in and fine-tuning. Therefore, the screw fasteners have a very wide application in various kinds of machinery. With the development of industry, the number of thread processing is larger and larger, and quality requirements are also improved correspondingly. So the traditional drilling and tapping technology is hard to meet the current demand for processing. The adoption of NC technology can not only improve processing accuracy, but also enhance production efficiency and reduce the economic costs.
The witty application of NC technology to drilling and tapping makes automatization easy. Though the processing centers in the current market can realize drilling and tapping, they are with high cost, low efficiency and poor economic return. If traditional drilling machine and tapping machine are used, it is not only labor-intensive for the workers, but also easy to error-processing, or even leakage in processing. In view of this situation, a “NC tapping machine” is designed to drill and tap specially. This tapping CNC machine has following advantages: 1. high-precision in processing; 2. high production efficiency. 3. high degree of automatization; 4. excellent adaptability to processing target; 5. high economic returns.
The stepper motor is used as the power source of this tapping CNC machine. Z-axis feeding system transforms the rotation into linear motion with screw nut. The hexagonal turret automatic tool changer is used in ATC part, and six knives can be installed once. The operation of drilling and tapping can be realized on one machine tool, which is much more economic.


Key words： NC technology, drilling, tapping, tapping CNC machine


目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1 绪论 1
1.1 数控技术的产生与发展 1
1.2 国内外数控技术的发展现状 1
1.2.1 国外数控技术的发展现状 2
1.2.2 国内数控技术的发展现状 2
1.3 展望未来 6
1.3.1 性能发展方向 6
1.3.2 功能发展方向 7
1.3.3 体系结构的发展 8
1.3.4 智能化新一代PCNC数控系统 9
2 数控攻丝机的特点和结构及本课题意义 10
2.1 数控攻丝机的特点 10
2.2 数控攻丝机的结构 10
2.3 课题必要性 11
2.3.1 数控机床的优越性 11
2.3.2 机床数控化市场研究 12
2.4 课题意义 13
3 数控攻丝机的方案设计分析 14
3.1 数控攻丝机的加工原理 14
3.2 转塔刀架的工作原理 14
3.3 转塔刀架的方案比较和结构设计 15
3.3.1 液压式 15
3.3.2 液压机械式 15
3.3.3 电动式 15
3.4 主传动设计 17
4 滚动轴承的选择与校核 19
4.1 滚动轴承的类型选择原则 19
4.2 轴承类型的选择 19
4.2.1 按轴承的寿命选择轴承 19
4.2.2 轴承的基本额定动载荷 20
4.2.3 轴承的当量动载荷 20
4.3 角接触球轴承36107的选择过程 20
4.3.1 查有关数据 20
4.3.2 计算两轴承的径向载荷 20
4.3.3 计算两轴承的轴向载荷 21
4.3.4 计算轴承的当量动载荷 21
4.3.5 计算轴承的基本额定寿命 22
5 结论 23
致谢 24
参考文献 25