液化石油气火焰特性和切割工艺性能研究（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

对现代工业而言，火焰加工（切割、焊接、加热等）已经成为应用量大、覆盖面广的重要技术领域，切割是其中不可或缺的一部分。随着科学技术的发展，新的切割技术的开发和应用取得了长足的发展，成为现代工业中不可缺少的一个组成部分。而气体火焰切割是热切割技术中最早被采用和最常用的工艺方法，这种切割方法具有设备简单、投资费用少、操作方便灵活、切割质量好，尤其是能够切割各种含曲线形状的零件和大厚度工件等一系列特点。
传统气体火焰切割主要采用乙炔气体，乙炔火焰的切割有许多优点：热量分布集中，火焰温度高，工件预热时间短，但同时也有其缺点，生产过程中耗能多，污染大，加之在储存和运输过程中又存在很大的危险性，在使用过程中也存在耗能和严重的环境污染问题。为此，焊接工作者积极寻求性能更适合的替代燃气，经过多年的实践，人们发现液化石油气是比较合适的替代燃料之一。但液化石油气又存在燃烧速度慢的问题，本实验采用添加少量燃烧速度快的气体乙炔来提高液化石油气的燃烧速度，通过对比三组实验结果来分析添加乙炔后效果。结果证明添加乙炔可以提高液化石油气燃烧速度。


关键词：液化石油气，气体火焰切割，乙炔，燃烧特性，火焰
















ABSTRACT

Nowadays flame machining（cutting, welding, heating） has been the most widely used technology to the modern industry. Cutting is one of the indispensable part. As the development of science and technology, the exploitation and application of new cutting technology has been developed, being the indispensable component of the modern industry. Oxy-fuel cutting is the earliest and most frequently used methods in heat-cutting. This method has many characteristics, such as ordinary facility, less expense, easily operating, better cutting quality; especially it can cut many kinds of curvilinear parts and large thickness parts.
The traditional oxy-fuel cutting mainly chose acetylene as the gas. The cutting of flame of acetylene has many strong points, such as concentrating heat-distributing, high temperature of the flame, short warm-up time. However it has shortcomings. It needs lots of energy and brings lots of pollutions at the producing process, both in the process of using. What’s more, there is large danger in reserving and transporting. So people are looking for the befitting gas which can instead of the acetylene. After years of practice, it was found that LPG is one of the befitting gases. But there also has problems. The combustion speed of LPG is slow. This thesis aims at to solve this problem with the method of adding acetylene, which combustion speed is fast, into LPG. Analyzing results of three groups, the results show that it is acting.


Key words: LPG, Oxy-fuel cutting, acetylene, combustion characteristics, flame












目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1 气体火焰切割的基本知识 2
1.1.1 气体火焰切割技术的现状及发展 2
1.1.2 气体火焰切割的基本原理 3
1.1.3 气割的分类特点及应用范围 4
1.1.4 气割用气体 4
1.1.5影响钢材气割过程的主要因素 7
1.1.6 气割的工艺参数 9
1.2 液化石油气切割 10
1.2.1 液化石油气基本知识 10
1.2.2液化石油气切割 14
2 试验方案 16
2.1试验原理 16
2.2 试验准备 17
2.2.1 试验器材 17
2.2.2 试验准备 17
2.2.3 试验操作 18
2.2.4 试验注意事项 18
2.2.5 试验结果分析 19
2.2 试验结论 24
3 结论 25
致谢 26
参考文献 27