中温变换炉压力容器接管焊接工艺设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc
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中温变换炉压力容器接管焊接工艺设计（本科毕业论文设计）,摘要中温变换炉属于压力容器，焊接技术是压力容器制造的关键技术之一。中温变换炉筒体与接管之间的焊接为异种钢焊接，筒体材质为15crmor珠光体耐热钢，接管材质为0cr18ni9，属于奥氏体不锈钢，它们在化学成分，金相组织，物理性能及力学性能方面有大的差异。此外，中温变换炉筒体与接管间的焊缝形式为厚壁管与薄壁管的环焊缝，接...
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摘 要
中温变换炉属于压力容器，焊接技术是压力容器制造的关键技术之一。中温变换炉筒体与接管之间的焊接为异种钢焊接，筒体材质为15CrMoR珠光体耐热钢，接管材质为0Cr18Ni9，属于奥氏体不锈钢，它们在化学成分，金相组织，物理性能及力学性能方面有大的差异。此外，中温变换炉筒体与接管间的焊缝形式为厚壁管与薄壁管的环焊缝，接缝焊接拘束度较大，使焊缝质量不易保证。因此，在焊接时必须采用恰当的焊接工艺，才能保证焊接质量达到规定的要求。
本文通过对中温变换炉焊接结构特点分析及异种钢的焊接性分析基础之上，设计了接缝的焊接工艺。设计选用了钨极氩弧焊打底，焊条电弧焊填充盖面的焊接方法；并根据板厚状况、焊接方法特点和要求，进行了坡口设计；选择了合适的焊接材料、制定了合理的焊接工艺参数。同时，还制定了焊后热处理措施，论述了焊接接头的焊后检查方法，并针对中温变换炉接管焊接接头的特点选择了适合可行的检验方法；既保证了焊接接头的质量，又满足了中温变换炉接管的结构功能特点和使用性能要求。
关键词：压力容器，中温变换炉，15CrMoR，0Cr18Ni9，焊接工艺
ABSTRACT
Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter belong to Pressure Vessels,welding technology is one of key technology to Pressure Vessel’s manufacturing.The welding of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter’s shell and the metal pipe belong to dissimilar steel welding,shell material is 15CrMoR Pearlite heat-resistant steel,and the metal pipe is 0Cr18Ni9 Austenitic stainless steel,Their chemical composition,microstructure,physical properties and mechanical properties have big differences,Furthermore,the welded joint between Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter's shell and the metal pipe,which is circle weld joint of thick and thin shell of the pipe,Weld joint binding is larger ,It's difficult to guarantee the quality of the weld joint. Therefore,it must take the appropriate welding technology,to pledged to achieve the required welding quality requirements．
This article analyse the Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter welding structural and characteristic,and on the basis of analysis dissimilar steel's weldability,design of the joints of the welding process.The design selected TIG to precoat and manual electric arc welding to fill and cape.According to thickness situation, welding method of characteristics and requirements of a groove design, select the appropriate welding materials, developed a reasonable welding process parameters.At the same time, also developed a heat treatment after welding,the paper dealt examination procedure of soldered joint，and pointing to the character of metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter soldered joint；those secure the quality of soldered joint and this paper advances measures of meet the metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter the structural features and the use of performance requirements．
Key words：Pressure Vessels,Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter, 15CrMoR,0Cr18Ni9, Welding Technology
目 录
中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1异种钢焊接 1
1.2异种钢焊接的主要问题 2
1.2.1熔合线区的碳发生扩散和迁移 2
1.2.2熔合线区的热应力较大，产生应力集中 2
1.2.3易在熔合线区产生马氏体 2
1.3 异种钢焊接接头的特征 2
1.3.1 化学成分的不均匀性 3
1.3.2 金属组织的不均匀性 3
1.3.3 性能的不均匀性 3
1.3.4 应力场分布的不均匀性 3
1.4 异种钢接头破坏原因分析 3
1.5 本课题研究的内容及意义 4
2焊接结构分析 5
2.1 中温变换炉结构特点及分析 5
2.2 接口材料焊接性分析 7
2.3 焊缝残余应力的影响 8
2.4 焊接残余应力的调节和消除 8
2.5 焊接残余变形及变形控制 9
2.5.1 残余变形分类 9
2.5.2 残余变形分析 10
2.5.3 焊接变形的预防 10
2.5.4 焊接变形的矫正 10
3 接口材料焊接性分析 11
3.1 焊接性的概念 11
3.2 15CrMoR材料性能及焊接接头性能要求 11
3.3 15CrMoR钢材焊接性分析 11
4 焊接工艺设计 13
4.1 焊接方法 13
4.1.1 焊条电弧焊 13
4.1.2 钨极惰性气体保护焊 12
4.1.3熔化极氩弧焊 14
4.1.4埋弧自动焊 14
4.1.5 焊接方法的确定 14
4.2 焊接设备的选择 14
4.3 坡口形式 17
4.3.1常见的坡口型式 18
4.3.2坡口形式的确定 20
4.4 焊接材料的选择 21
4.5 焊前热处理措施及工艺参数 22
4.5.1 焊前热处理措施 22
4.5.2 钨极氩弧焊（TIG）工艺及参数设计 23
4.5.3 焊条电弧焊工艺及参数设计 25
5 焊后热处理 27
6 焊后焊缝质量的检验 28
7 结论 29
参考文献 30
中温变换炉属于压力容器，焊接技术是压力容器制造的关键技术之一。中温变换炉筒体与接管之间的焊接为异种钢焊接，筒体材质为15CrMoR珠光体耐热钢，接管材质为0Cr18Ni9，属于奥氏体不锈钢，它们在化学成分，金相组织，物理性能及力学性能方面有大的差异。此外，中温变换炉筒体与接管间的焊缝形式为厚壁管与薄壁管的环焊缝，接缝焊接拘束度较大，使焊缝质量不易保证。因此，在焊接时必须采用恰当的焊接工艺，才能保证焊接质量达到规定的要求。
本文通过对中温变换炉焊接结构特点分析及异种钢的焊接性分析基础之上，设计了接缝的焊接工艺。设计选用了钨极氩弧焊打底，焊条电弧焊填充盖面的焊接方法；并根据板厚状况、焊接方法特点和要求，进行了坡口设计；选择了合适的焊接材料、制定了合理的焊接工艺参数。同时，还制定了焊后热处理措施，论述了焊接接头的焊后检查方法，并针对中温变换炉接管焊接接头的特点选择了适合可行的检验方法；既保证了焊接接头的质量，又满足了中温变换炉接管的结构功能特点和使用性能要求。
关键词：压力容器，中温变换炉，15CrMoR，0Cr18Ni9，焊接工艺
ABSTRACT
Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter belong to Pressure Vessels,welding technology is one of key technology to Pressure Vessel’s manufacturing.The welding of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter’s shell and the metal pipe belong to dissimilar steel welding,shell material is 15CrMoR Pearlite heat-resistant steel,and the metal pipe is 0Cr18Ni9 Austenitic stainless steel,Their chemical composition,microstructure,physical properties and mechanical properties have big differences,Furthermore,the welded joint between Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter's shell and the metal pipe,which is circle weld joint of thick and thin shell of the pipe,Weld joint binding is larger ,It's difficult to guarantee the quality of the weld joint. Therefore,it must take the appropriate welding technology,to pledged to achieve the required welding quality requirements．
This article analyse the Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter welding structural and characteristic,and on the basis of analysis dissimilar steel's weldability,design of the joints of the welding process.The design selected TIG to precoat and manual electric arc welding to fill and cape.According to thickness situation, welding method of characteristics and requirements of a groove design, select the appropriate welding materials, developed a reasonable welding process parameters.At the same time, also developed a heat treatment after welding,the paper dealt examination procedure of soldered joint，and pointing to the character of metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter soldered joint；those secure the quality of soldered joint and this paper advances measures of meet the metal pipe of Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter the structural features and the use of performance requirements．
Key words：Pressure Vessels,Intermediate temperature change furnance shit-converter, 15CrMoR,0Cr18Ni9, Welding Technology
目 录
中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1异种钢焊接 1
1.2异种钢焊接的主要问题 2
1.2.1熔合线区的碳发生扩散和迁移 2
1.2.2熔合线区的热应力较大，产生应力集中 2
1.2.3易在熔合线区产生马氏体 2
1.3 异种钢焊接接头的特征 2
1.3.1 化学成分的不均匀性 3
1.3.2 金属组织的不均匀性 3
1.3.3 性能的不均匀性 3
1.3.4 应力场分布的不均匀性 3
1.4 异种钢接头破坏原因分析 3
1.5 本课题研究的内容及意义 4
2焊接结构分析 5
2.1 中温变换炉结构特点及分析 5
2.2 接口材料焊接性分析 7
2.3 焊缝残余应力的影响 8
2.4 焊接残余应力的调节和消除 8
2.5 焊接残余变形及变形控制 9
2.5.1 残余变形分类 9
2.5.2 残余变形分析 10
2.5.3 焊接变形的预防 10
2.5.4 焊接变形的矫正 10
3 接口材料焊接性分析 11
3.1 焊接性的概念 11
3.2 15CrMoR材料性能及焊接接头性能要求 11
3.3 15CrMoR钢材焊接性分析 11
4 焊接工艺设计 13
4.1 焊接方法 13
4.1.1 焊条电弧焊 13
4.1.2 钨极惰性气体保护焊 12
4.1.3熔化极氩弧焊 14
4.1.4埋弧自动焊 14
4.1.5 焊接方法的确定 14
4.2 焊接设备的选择 14
4.3 坡口形式 17
4.3.1常见的坡口型式 18
4.3.2坡口形式的确定 20
4.4 焊接材料的选择 21
4.5 焊前热处理措施及工艺参数 22
4.5.1 焊前热处理措施 22
4.5.2 钨极氩弧焊（TIG）工艺及参数设计 23
4.5.3 焊条电弧焊工艺及参数设计 25
5 焊后热处理 27
6 焊后焊缝质量的检验 28
7 结论 29
参考文献 30
