轴心轨迹分析仪的设计(本科毕业论文设计).doc
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轴心轨迹分析仪的设计(本科毕业论文设计),摘 要轴心轨迹作为旋转机械的一个重要状态特征参量,形象直观地反应了转子的实际运动状况,包含了丰富的旋转机械故障信息。论文介绍了轴心轨迹测试的现状,轴心轨迹测试的原理和分析方法。本文介绍了虚拟仪器的基本原理,虚拟仪器是指在通用计算机上添加一层软件和一些硬件模块,使用户操作这台通用计算机就像操作一台自己专门设计的仪器一样。...
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摘 要
轴心轨迹作为旋转机械的一个重要状态特征参量,形象直观地反应了转子的实际运动状况,包含了丰富的旋转机械故障信息。论文介绍了轴心轨迹测试的现状,轴心轨迹测试的原理和分析方法。
本文介绍了虚拟仪器的基本原理,虚拟仪器是指在通用计算机上添加一层软件和一些硬件模块,使用户操作这台通用计算机就像操作一台自己专门设计的仪器一样。虚拟仪器系统与传统仪器相比,具有性价比高、开放性、智能化程度高、界面友好等特点。介绍了虚拟仪器的构成,虚拟仪器通常由通用仪器硬件平台和应用软件平台两大部分构成。虚拟仪器正在高速发展当中,具有广阔的发展空间,虚拟仪器的使用将会越来越多。
本文介绍了虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW的基本概念,它是一种图形化的编程语言,具有十分强大的功能。所有的LabVIEW应用程序,即虚拟仪器(VI),它包括前面板、流程图以及图标/连结器三部分。
本文介绍了转子振动的机理和轴心轨迹的基本特性,正常情况下轴心轨迹的形状和在故障状态下轴心轨迹和旋转机械故障的对应关系。介绍了轴心轨迹测试原理、测试中的初始偏差问题的解决方法以及轴心轨迹分析技术。在软件部分对信号进行调理,用低通滤波器消除信号中的高频噪声信号。
本文在LabVIEW虚拟仪器开发平台上开发出具有信号采集,信号处理及信号实时显示功能的转子轴心轨迹分析仪,通过对轴心轨迹的观察,可以判断出一些常见的故障。在机械故障诊断技术中,由于轴心轨迹包含了丰富的故障信息,是一种故障诊断的有力工具。
关键词:轴心轨迹,虚拟仪器,LabVIEW,故障诊断
ABSTRACT
Key words: Shaft Centerline Orbit , Virtual Instrument, LabVIEW, fault diagnosis
As an important characteristic state parameter, the orbit of shaft centerline reflects the rotor's running condition intuitively and contains abundant information about rotatory machine fault. This paper introduces the current situation of shaft centerline orbit test, the principle of the test and analyzing method of the orbit.
This paper introduces the basic principles of virtual instrument which means add a layer of software and some hardware module in general-purpose computer to make operation of this general-purpose computer as operation their own designed equipment. Compared with the traditional instruments, virtual instrument systems possess many features like cost-effective, open, high level of intellectuanl ability, user-friendly and so on. The paper also introduces the composition of the virtual instrument, it usually consists of general instrument hardware platforms and application software platform. Virtual instrument are rapidly developing, with broad space for development, the use of virtual machines will be more and more.
This paper presents the basic concepts of virtual instrument development platform LabVIEW, it is a graphical programming language and it is very powerful. All LabVIEW application, that is virtual instrument (VI), includes three parts: front panel, block diagram ,and the flow chart icon / connector.
This paper describes the mechanism of the rotor vibration, the basic characteristics of orbit and under normal circumstances, the corresponding relationship between orbit shape and the rotary mechanical failure. Besides, the principle of orbit testing, the solution of testing the initial error and orbit analysis techniques are also described. On the software part, low pass filter is used to elimionate high-frequency signals in the noise signal.
In this paper, on the basis of LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, rotor orbit analysis instrument is designed, which possesses three functions: signal acquisition, signal processing and real-time display of signal. Through the observation of the orbit, some common fault can be judged. In mechanical fault diagnosis technology, the orbit contains a wealth of information fault, so it is a powerful tool of fault diagnosis.
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 轴心轨迹测试的意义 1
1.2 轴心轨迹测试的国内外现状 1
1.3 关于旋转机械振动监测与诊断 2
1.4 本文研究的内容 3
2 虚拟仪器及LabVIEW图形化编程平台 4
2.1 虚拟仪器概述 4
2.1.1 虚拟仪器的概念 4
2.1.2 虚拟仪器的构成 5
2.1.3 虚拟仪器的特点及优势 6
2.1.4 国内外虚拟仪器的发展现状 6
2.2 LabVIEW图形化编程平台 8
2.2.1 LabVIEW的概念 8
2.2.2 LabVIEW应用程序的构成 8
2.2.3 LabVIEW的操作模板 9
2.2.4 LabVIEW的特点 11
2.2.5 LabVIEW编程的优势 12
2.2.6 LabVIEW设计虚拟仪器的方法 12
3 转子振动的机理及轴心轨迹特征 14
3.1 转子振动的基本特性 14
3.2 转子正常工作时的轴心轨迹特征 15
3.3 转子常见故障原因及其轴心轨迹特征 15
3.3.1转子不平衡 15
3.3.2转子不对中 17
3.3.3转子弯曲 18
3.3.4油膜涡动与油膜振荡 19
3.3.5转子碰摩 20
3.3.6转轴裂纹 21
3.3.7转子支撑部件松动 22
4 轴心轨迹测试原理及分析技术 24
4.1 轴心轨迹测试原理 24
4.2 轴心轨迹测试中的初始偏差问题 25
4.3 轴心轨迹分析技术 26
5 轴心轨迹分析仪的设计 30
5.1总体设计 30
5.1.1 系统组成结构 30
5.1.2 系统硬件的总体设计 30
5.1.3 轴心轨迹的概念 31
5.1.4 分析轴心轨迹的方法 31
5.2 信号采集方案 32
5.2.1传感器的选择 33
5.2.2数据采集卡的选择 38
5.2.3轴心轨迹测试台的设计 39
5.3 系统软件设计 41
6 总结 45-..
轴心轨迹作为旋转机械的一个重要状态特征参量,形象直观地反应了转子的实际运动状况,包含了丰富的旋转机械故障信息。论文介绍了轴心轨迹测试的现状,轴心轨迹测试的原理和分析方法。
本文介绍了虚拟仪器的基本原理,虚拟仪器是指在通用计算机上添加一层软件和一些硬件模块,使用户操作这台通用计算机就像操作一台自己专门设计的仪器一样。虚拟仪器系统与传统仪器相比,具有性价比高、开放性、智能化程度高、界面友好等特点。介绍了虚拟仪器的构成,虚拟仪器通常由通用仪器硬件平台和应用软件平台两大部分构成。虚拟仪器正在高速发展当中,具有广阔的发展空间,虚拟仪器的使用将会越来越多。
本文介绍了虚拟仪器开发平台LabVIEW的基本概念,它是一种图形化的编程语言,具有十分强大的功能。所有的LabVIEW应用程序,即虚拟仪器(VI),它包括前面板、流程图以及图标/连结器三部分。
本文介绍了转子振动的机理和轴心轨迹的基本特性,正常情况下轴心轨迹的形状和在故障状态下轴心轨迹和旋转机械故障的对应关系。介绍了轴心轨迹测试原理、测试中的初始偏差问题的解决方法以及轴心轨迹分析技术。在软件部分对信号进行调理,用低通滤波器消除信号中的高频噪声信号。
本文在LabVIEW虚拟仪器开发平台上开发出具有信号采集,信号处理及信号实时显示功能的转子轴心轨迹分析仪,通过对轴心轨迹的观察,可以判断出一些常见的故障。在机械故障诊断技术中,由于轴心轨迹包含了丰富的故障信息,是一种故障诊断的有力工具。
关键词:轴心轨迹,虚拟仪器,LabVIEW,故障诊断
ABSTRACT
Key words: Shaft Centerline Orbit , Virtual Instrument, LabVIEW, fault diagnosis
As an important characteristic state parameter, the orbit of shaft centerline reflects the rotor's running condition intuitively and contains abundant information about rotatory machine fault. This paper introduces the current situation of shaft centerline orbit test, the principle of the test and analyzing method of the orbit.
This paper introduces the basic principles of virtual instrument which means add a layer of software and some hardware module in general-purpose computer to make operation of this general-purpose computer as operation their own designed equipment. Compared with the traditional instruments, virtual instrument systems possess many features like cost-effective, open, high level of intellectuanl ability, user-friendly and so on. The paper also introduces the composition of the virtual instrument, it usually consists of general instrument hardware platforms and application software platform. Virtual instrument are rapidly developing, with broad space for development, the use of virtual machines will be more and more.
This paper presents the basic concepts of virtual instrument development platform LabVIEW, it is a graphical programming language and it is very powerful. All LabVIEW application, that is virtual instrument (VI), includes three parts: front panel, block diagram ,and the flow chart icon / connector.
This paper describes the mechanism of the rotor vibration, the basic characteristics of orbit and under normal circumstances, the corresponding relationship between orbit shape and the rotary mechanical failure. Besides, the principle of orbit testing, the solution of testing the initial error and orbit analysis techniques are also described. On the software part, low pass filter is used to elimionate high-frequency signals in the noise signal.
In this paper, on the basis of LabVIEW virtual instrument development platform, rotor orbit analysis instrument is designed, which possesses three functions: signal acquisition, signal processing and real-time display of signal. Through the observation of the orbit, some common fault can be judged. In mechanical fault diagnosis technology, the orbit contains a wealth of information fault, so it is a powerful tool of fault diagnosis.
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 轴心轨迹测试的意义 1
1.2 轴心轨迹测试的国内外现状 1
1.3 关于旋转机械振动监测与诊断 2
1.4 本文研究的内容 3
2 虚拟仪器及LabVIEW图形化编程平台 4
2.1 虚拟仪器概述 4
2.1.1 虚拟仪器的概念 4
2.1.2 虚拟仪器的构成 5
2.1.3 虚拟仪器的特点及优势 6
2.1.4 国内外虚拟仪器的发展现状 6
2.2 LabVIEW图形化编程平台 8
2.2.1 LabVIEW的概念 8
2.2.2 LabVIEW应用程序的构成 8
2.2.3 LabVIEW的操作模板 9
2.2.4 LabVIEW的特点 11
2.2.5 LabVIEW编程的优势 12
2.2.6 LabVIEW设计虚拟仪器的方法 12
3 转子振动的机理及轴心轨迹特征 14
3.1 转子振动的基本特性 14
3.2 转子正常工作时的轴心轨迹特征 15
3.3 转子常见故障原因及其轴心轨迹特征 15
3.3.1转子不平衡 15
3.3.2转子不对中 17
3.3.3转子弯曲 18
3.3.4油膜涡动与油膜振荡 19
3.3.5转子碰摩 20
3.3.6转轴裂纹 21
3.3.7转子支撑部件松动 22
4 轴心轨迹测试原理及分析技术 24
4.1 轴心轨迹测试原理 24
4.2 轴心轨迹测试中的初始偏差问题 25
4.3 轴心轨迹分析技术 26
5 轴心轨迹分析仪的设计 30
5.1总体设计 30
5.1.1 系统组成结构 30
5.1.2 系统硬件的总体设计 30
5.1.3 轴心轨迹的概念 31
5.1.4 分析轴心轨迹的方法 31
5.2 信号采集方案 32
5.2.1传感器的选择 33
5.2.2数据采集卡的选择 38
5.2.3轴心轨迹测试台的设计 39
5.3 系统软件设计 41
6 总结 45-..